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Examinando la última movida de la Fed

El reciente anuncio de alza de tasa de la Reserva Federal de Estados Unidos (Fed) sirvió para confirmar la confianza de los mercados en la desaceleración de la inflación, a pesar de las advertencias por parte de la entidad sobre su intención de continuar con subiendo tasas para controlar la inflación. De hecho, el presidente de la Fed confirmó que la tasa de fondos federales debería incrementarse nuevamente el próximo mes.

Dos datos sugieren que podría haber un desfase entre la Fed y los mercados, con los últimos apareciendo más optimistas que la primera.

Primero, mientras la Fed anuncia un aumento de 0,25 puntos porcentuales en su tasa rectora, transparenta que vendrán más alzas y que no habrá recortes en 2023, el mercado estima que habrá solamente una o dos alzas adicionales de 0,25 puntos y que sí habría un recorte en 2023, en el escenario más probable.

Segundo, el mismo día en que la Fed anuncia el alza de tasa, las tasas de los bonos del Tesoro disminuyeron. Por ejemplo, las tasas de los bonos a 2 y 10 años disminuyeron alrededor de 0,1pp el día del anuncio. Esto indica que los mercados redujeron sus expectativas de tasas futuras.

Es posible que vengan dos alzas de tasas más en el corto plazo, cuya magnitud dependerá crucialmente de los datos de inflación que observemos, especialmente si vemos o no una convergencia tanto de la inflación subyacente como de las expectativas de inflación hacia el objetivo de la Fed de 2%.

No obstante, la probabilidad de una nueva alza de 0,5 puntos existe, sobre todo si consideramos la sorpresiva buena salud del mercado laboral, que podría ejercer presiones inflacionarias adicionales por el lado de la demanda. El viernes se reportaron 517.000 nuevos puestos de trabajo no agrícolas y la tasa de desempleo cayó 0,1 puntos hasta 3,4%, la más baja en más de 50 años. Como referencia, el mercado esperaba 188.000 nuevos puestos de trabajo y un aumento del desempleo a 3,6%.

Por el lado político, el escenario de alzas adicionales de tasas sin recortes en 2023 parece ser el más probable, ya que no hay elecciones federales este año que puedan enturbiar el actuar de la Fed con acusaciones de favoritismo hacia un lado u otro. En otras palabras, es un gran año para que la Fed pueda hacer su trabajo sin presiones.

En conclusión, los mercados han reaccionado con un muy positivo a las noticias de inflación, llegando incluso a desestimar las advertencias de la Fed. El S&P 500, por ejemplo, ha alcanzado su máximo valor en cinco meses. Esperamos al menos dos alzas adicionales de 0,25 puntos cada una este año en la tasa de política monetaria, pero no descartamos mayores magnitudes. Hacia fines de año no esperamos un recorte de tasas, aunque en 2024 esto ocurrirá casi con toda seguridad.

Originally published in:
https://www.ex-ante.cl/examinando-la-ultima-movida-de-la-fed-por-dave-twardowski/

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